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Urine therapy
In alternative medicine, the term urine therapy or urotherapy, (also urinotherapy or uropathy or auto-urine therapy) refers to various applications of human urine for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, including drinking of one's own urine and massaging one's skin, or gums, with one's own urine.〔(Why You Definitely Shouldn't Drink Your Own Pee ), Gizmodo, 22 Oct 2014〕〔(Urine: The body's own health drink? ), The Independent, 15 May 2015〕
==History==
Though urine has been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in several traditional systems, and mentioned in some medical texts, auto-urine therapy as a system of alternative medicine was invented and popularized by British naturopath John W. Armstrong in early 20th century. Armstrong was inspired by his family's practice of using urine to treat minor stings and toothaches, by a metaphorical reading of the Biblical Proverb "drink water from your own cistern...", and his own experience with ill-health that he treated with a 45-day fast "on nothing but urine and tap water". Starting in 1918, Armstrong prescribed urine-therapy regimens that he devised to many thousands of patients, and in 1944 he published ''The Water of Life: A treatise on urine therapy'', which became a founding document of the field.
Armstrong's book sold widely, and in India inspired the writing of ''Manav mootra'' (Gujarati: Urine therapy; 1959) by Gandhian social reformer Raojibhai Manibhai Patel, and many later works. These works often reference ''Shivambu Kalpa'', a treatise on the pharmaceutical value of urine, as a source of the practice in the East. They also cite passing references to properties and uses of urine in Yogic-texts such as ''Vayavaharasutra'' by Bhadrabahu and ''Hatha Yoga Pradapika'' by Svatmarama; and Ayurvedic texts such as ''Sushruta Samhita'', ''Bhava Prakasha'' and ''Harit''. However, according to medical anthropologist Joseph Atler, the practices of ''sivambu'' (drinking ones own urine) and ''amaroli'' recommended by modern Indian practitioners of urine therapy are closer to the ones propounded by Armstrong than traditional ayurveda or yoga, or even the practices described in ''Shivambu Kalpa''.〔
Urine-therapy has also been with other forms of alternative medicine. For example, in her book ''Your Own Perfect Medicine: The Incredible Proven Natural Miracle Cure that Medical Science Has Never Revealed!'', Martha M. Christy describes homeopathic preparations of urine and their uses, and says that they are "extremely potent."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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